Certifying Reduced-Order Models

Can we obtain formal guarantees when planning with a reduced-order model?

All models are wrong, but some models are useful. In many robotics applications, rigid-body dynamics are the model of choice. Rigid-body models are fairly accurate for robots like quadrupeds, humanoids, and manipulators, but they are often too complicated to be useful.

This leads roboticists design controllers based on simpler models, especially for legged locomotion.

Popular reduced-order models for legged locmotion: the linear inverted pendulum, spring loaded inverted pendulum, and compass-gait walker.

These reduced-order models capture only a few key features of the dynamics, such as the relationship between foot placement and the center-of-mass. Simplified models underpin much of the success of walking robots in recent years.

But there is a large gap between these reduced-order models and more complete rigid-body models, not to mention the actual physics of the robot. How can we be sure that a plan generated with a reduced-order model is actually feasible? Can we provide some performance guarantees when we use a reduced-order model?

The framework of approximate simulation enables formal guarantees for humanoid locomotion using a reduced-order model.

Related Publications

2022

  1. robust_as_trajectory.png
    Robust Approximate Simulation for Hierarchical Control of Piecewise Affine Systems under Bounded Disturbances
    Zihao Song, Vince Kurtz, Shirantha Welikala , and 2 more authors
    In American Control Conference (ACC) , 2022

2021

  1. passivity_cbf.gif
    Control Barrier Functions for Singularity Avoidance in Passivity-Based Manipulator Control
    Vince Kurtz, Patrick M. Wensing, and Hai Lin
    In Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) , 2021

2020

  1. push_screenshot.png
    Approximate Simulation for Template-Based Whole-Body Control
    Vince Kurtz, Patrick M. Wensing, and Hai Lin
    IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), 2020
  2. maze_impulse_corrected.png
    Robust Approximate Simulation for Hierarchical Control of Linear Systems under Disturbances
    Vince Kurtz, Patrick M. Wensing, and Hai Lin
    In American Control Conference (ACC) , 2020

2019

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    Formal Connections between Template and Anchor Models via Approximate Simulation
    Vince Kurtz, Rafael Rodrigues Silva, Patrick M. Wensing , and 1 more author
    In International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids) , 2019
    Best interactive paper award